Hamed aflatooni1, mohsen ebrahimi2, hossein ramshini3 and gholam akbari4 department of agronomy and plant breeding, abourihan college, university of tehran, iran abstract in order to study of some physiological characteristics of the basil plant was carried out and during which the 4. The parts of the plant that grow above the ground are used to make medicine. It is a tender plant, and is used in cuisines worldwide. Secondary metabolites from ocimum species possess exceptional biological activity and have antimicrobial 36 and antioxidant 79.
Ocimum basilicum is a herb of medium size, strong scent with smooth or velvety touch. Original articles botanical studies on ocimum basilicum l. Ocimum basilicum niazbo is a tender plant, best known as a culinary herb which belongs to family labiatae mint family. Differences in essential oil composition of basil ocimum. True basil, smallleaf, lettuceleaf, purple basil a, purple basil b and purple basil c morphotype. Fortynine accessions of cultivated holy basil ocimum tenuiflorum l. The genus ocimum has a number of species that are used to treat different types of disorders and diseases from ancient times. Basil is an important economic crop producing annually c. Effects of supplemental light source on basil, dill, and. Uses, side effects, interactions, dosage, and warning. Regulation of floral terpenoid emission and biosynthesis.
Sweet basil ocimum basilicum is a sunloving annual with highly aromatic leaves that has a pleasant spicy odor and taste somewhat like anise or cloves. Differences in morphological forms of ocimum basilicum are a subject amply discussed in the literature. The morphology of ocimum varies from herb to subshrubs with large variations in leaf shape, size, hairs, glands and many more morphological peculiarities. The probable occurrence of seed from distinctive but erroneously named intergrades between o. Infrageneric classification of ocimum ocimum basilicum. Ocimum basilicum, popular known as basil or sweet basil, is a common herb that belongs to lamiaceae family. Although no commercial sweet basils available are resistant to p. Morphological traits of sweet basil ocimum basilum l. Most of the herbs belongs to this family are angular stem, leaves simple arranged opposite decussate manner, aromatic glands, inflorescence verticillaster, complete flower, bisexual, zygomorphic, hypogynous, bilibiate stamens, didynamous epipetalous, carpels two ovaries, fuse. Both the leaves and their essential oils are used as. The variety of ocimum tenuiflorum used in thai cuisine is referred to as thai holy basil thai. Among the aromatic herbs, basil ocimum basilicum l figure 1 has economic importance in brazil, and its consumption occurs both in nature and added for industrial processing. Many other ocimum species are cultivated and utilized throughout the world, although none are as economically important as sweet basil.
Ten italian cultivars of basil were studied to establish a possible relation between morphological characteristics and essential oil composition. Regulation of floral terpenoid emission and biosynthesis in. The aim of this research was to analyse the chemical composition of 85 o. Sapientiae, alimentaria, 3 2010 1185 a study of 34 cultivars of basil ocimum l. The study clearly indicated great variability of ocimum basilicuml. All accessions were previously categorized into six morphotypes based on 24 morphological traits. Dependent changes in morphology, antioxidant capacity, and volatile production in sweet basil ocimum basilicum. Researchers reveal that basil contains varieties of essential oils that are rich in polyphenolic and phenolic compounds such as flavonoids and anthocyanins.
In vitro organogenesis and growth of ocimum basilicum. Each nectary forms an asymmetrical fourlobed disc at the base of the outer surface of the ovary. Morphological variability and chemical composition of. Jan 27, 2016 economically the most important taxon within ocimum is section ocimum. The apex is bifid with subulate lobes in ocimum, erythrochlamys, orthosiphon subgenus nautochilus, synclostemon and tiemizygia, but bifid with rounded lobes in orthosiphon subgenus orthosiphon and catoferia. Essential oil from extraction and steam distillation of. Ocimum basilicum, also called great basil, is a culinary herb of the family lamiaceae mints. Spicy bush, were richest in essential oil content, followed by cv.
Morphological characterization, essential oil composition and dna genotyping of ocimum basilicum l. Pdf morphological characterization, essential oil composition and. Basil, ocimum basilicum the international herb society has designated basil as the herb of the year 2003. Ocimum basilicum, popular known as basil or sweet basil, is a. Morphological variability in holy basil ocimum tenuiflorum. The leaves are used fresh or dried to flavour meats, fish, salads, and sauces. Crossability and relationship between morphological and chemical varieties of ocimum basilicum l. Basil leaves possess strong antiviral, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties in them due to the presence of compounds such as ethanol. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of the major chemical components in the crude extract against methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus mrsa isolated from. Pdf ocimum basilicum is a common herb that is known for its ornamental and therapeutic importance. Micromorphology of pollen grains, trichomes of sweet basil.
The essential oil is valued in the international market and widely used in condiments, cosmetics and. It is widely used as a herbal tea, commonly used in ayurveda, and has a place within the vaishnava tradition of hinduism, in which devotees perform worship involving holy basil plants or leaves. Basil is originally native to iran, india and other tropical regions of asia and. In extreme cases the arrangement may be gamopetalous 05 i. In addition to direct use of the herb as spice, the essential oil of its leaves and flowers is increasingly used as aroma additive in food and cosmetic industry, and there are extensive efforts to enhance the yield of essential oil of o. Alamoudi abstract ocimum is a plant which showed many pharmacological effects. The plant is often grown as an annual, especially in cooler climates. Morphology, anatomy and possible mode of secretion. Dendrograms were constructed using wards minimum variance method. A very commonly used herb with a range of culinary and medicinal applications. To achieve a stable and reliable supply of basil, more growers are turning to indoor controlledenvironment production with artificial lighting due to its high environmental controllability and sustainability. They are toothed often, 35 cm long and petiole is slender. Basil, ocimum basilicum, also called sweet basil, annual herb of the mint family, grown for its aromatic leaves.
Powdery mildew was observed on ocimum basilicum, crotalaria sp. For instance, leaves of the best known species, ocimum basilicum, and of its close relatives varies from small and liniform to large and round and colours vary from. Light quality dependent changes in morphology, antioxidant. Morphological characterization, essential oil composition. The genus ocimum lamiaceae consists of about 50150 species simon et al. Basil, one of the most popular culinary herbs in north america is sold as a freshcut and dried processed product. Pdf morphological features of 17 sweet basil cultivars as well as essential oil content and composition were determined. Ocimum basilicum, ocimum basilicum, also called great basil or saintjosephswort, is of family lamiaceae mints. Beginning at 2 weeks after sowing, measures of plant development morphological, metabolic, and physiological were recorded. Basil is commonly used for stomach problems such as spasms, loss of appetite. C02 crop physiology and metabolism see more from this session. The pollen fertility of the f 1 and f 2 plants was above 70 percent and the variations in morphology were intermediate between those displayed by the parents.
Pdf morphological and chemical variability of ocimum basilicum. Sweet basil ocimum basilicum is the most economically important culinary herb in the united states. It is native to the indian subcontinent and widespread as a cultivated plant throughout the southeast asian tropics. Effect of leave extract of ocimum basilicum on deltamethrin induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative saber a. Evaluation of some morphological characteristics of different.
Basil is native to tropical regions from central africa to southeast asia. Depending on the species and cultivar, the leaves may taste somewhat like anise, with a strong, pungent, often sweet smell. Crossability and relationship between morphological and. Genovese gigante is the basil cultivar used the most in the production of a typical italian sauce called pesto. Consumption of basil ocimum basilicum has been increasing worldwide in recent years because of its unique aromatic flavor and relatively high concentration of phenolics. Morphological variability was recognized by several authors reporting on ocimum basilicum growing in several geographical zones of the world e.
Ocimum basilicum, commonly called basil, is a native of africa and asia. Its flowers are 812 mm long in clusterlike circles of 610 flowers. Sweet basil ocimum basilicum will grow to a size of 12 feet in height. Essential oil from extraction and steam distillation of ocimum basillicum aswati mindaryani and suprihastuti sri rahayu proceedings of the world congress on engineering and computer science 2007 wcecs 2007, october 2426, 2007, san francisco, usa isbn. Antibacterial activity of ocimum basilicum essential oil and linalool on bacterial isolates of clinical importance silva v a1, sousa, j p1, guerra f.
Ocimum basilicum, commonly known as basil, is an aromatic annual herb and an important economic crop. Pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical evaluation of. Sweet basil ocimum basilicum plays a role in many mediterranean, and particularly italian, cuisines. Ocimum basilicum, popular known as basil or sweet basil, is a common herb that belongs to. Oct 30, 2006 what is the morphology of ocimum basilicum.
Tradition has it that basil was found growing around christs tomb after the resurrection, and consequently, some greek orthodox churches use it to prepare holy water and pots of basil are set below church altars. Light quality dependent changes in morphology, antioxidant capacity, and volatile production in sweet basil ocimum basilicum sofia d. Ocimum basilicum, also called great basil, is a culinary herb of the family lamiaceae mints basil is native to tropical regions from central africa to southeast asia. It is medicinally used in case of diarrhea as well as hypoglycemic, antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, immunestimulatory, and antiviral charvat et al. Led lighting can control plant growth, flavor and aroma in. Evaluation of some morphological characteristics of. A detailed preliminary phyto pharmacognostic characteristics in fully expanded healthy leaves of two ocimum species o.
In studies on the f 1 and f 2 progeny of 14 accessions of four ocimum basilicum l. Study of pharmacological effect of ocimum basilicum. The morphological parameters were recorded at the beginning of the flowering stage and the essential oils, obtained by hydrodistillation, were analyzed by gas chromatography gc and gcmass spectrometry gcms. Ocimum basilicum, also called great basil or saintjosephswort 1, is of family lamiaceae 2 mints. The aromatic composition of plants at different growth stages was determined. Lamiaceae, respectively, named basil, is an aromatic plant. Ocimum basilicum is a common herb that is known for its ornamental and therapeutic importance. It forms the basis of pesto and adds a distinctive flavor. Plants from different areas of northwestern italy were analyzed at 4 and 6 weeks after sowing and showed methyleugenol and eugenol as the main components. The essential oil is valued in the international market and widely used in condiments, cosmetics and medicinal industries of 1. Morphological features of 17 sweet basil cultivars as well as essential oil content and composition were determined. Ocimum tenuiflorum synonym ocimum sanctum, commonly known as holy basil or tulsi, is an aromatic perennial plant in the family lamiaceae.
Basil ocimum basilicum nufar, dill anethum graveolens fernleaf, and parsley petroselinum crispum giant of italy were transplanted into hydroponic systems in a glassglazed. Data obtained revealed characteristic elements of pollen and trichomes of sweet basil ocimum basilicum l. Knowing this, it was expected that the growth regulators would influence the growth of o. Leaves of the herb are opposite, simple, entire and ovate. Ocimum basilicum ocimum ocimum basilicum basilici herba. Basil is likely native to india and is widely grown as a kitchen herb. The disk is either equally 4lobed as in most species of ocimum or the anterior lobe can be larger as in orthosiphon subgenus orthosiphon. The content of essential oil in the dried herb was high and varied from 0. A source of aroma compounds and a popular culinary. Ocimum basilicum is an erect, muchbranched, perennial, aromatic plant growing 20 80cm tall. The study clearly indicated great variability of ocimum basilicum l. The content of essential oil in the dried the content of essential oil in the dried herb was high and varied from 0. Antibacterial activity of ocimum basilicum essential oil.
It is also widely used in systems of indigenous medicine. Morphological and chemical variability of ocimum basilicum l. Evaluation of some morphological characteristics of different basil. Lamiaceae varieties, crossability between and within these varieties was to 19 percent and the viability was 28 to 50 percent. Light and scanning electron microscopy revealed that all the pathogens belonged to oidium subgenus pseudoidium erysiphe sp. Led lighting can control plant growth, flavor, and aroma in ocimum basilicum objective growers can use led luminaires in the greenhouse, or as a sole lighting source, to more effectively, and productively cultivate marketable basil while using the most energyefficient lighting solution. These species are used for essential oil production and as pot herbs. Our objective was to quantify the effect of supplemental light source and spectra on growth, gas exchange, aroma, and flavor of culinary herbs. Pdf molecular and morphological characterization of. Pdf morphological and chemical variability of ocimum. The genus ocimum includes around 30 plant species from tropical and subtropical areas, which are much differentiated in respect of morphological and.
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